Paradoxes of a War Economy: Why Russian Oil Companies May «Benefit» from Strikes on Their Own Refineries
At first glance, the premise that oil refinery owners benefit from Ukrainian drone attacks on their own facilities sounds like an absurd conspiracy theory. Fires, destroyed distillation columns, halted production lines, and billions in repair losses amid a sanctions-induced equipment shortage all seem like a devastating blow to the business.
However, the privatization of Soviet industry in the 1990s, the laws of the Russian commodities economy, and the specific nature of state regulation during Vladimir Putin’s rule have created a unique paradox. The current system of state administration and ownership of large state and private corporations has enabled large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs) to not only minimize the damage from these attacks but also find ways to extract colossal financial benefits from the crisis.
1. A Windfall of Subsidies: The Fuel Damper and Reverse Excise Duty
The main source of the oil companies’ paradoxical earnings in this crisis is the state subsidy system, specifically the fuel damper mechanism and the reverse excise duty on oil.
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